Giovanna
d' Arco has made return from the afterlife?
30 May of the 1431 Giovanna d' Arco came put to
the rogo from English with the heresy accusation.
Same it considered a celestial messenger, sended
from the sky in order to help the French to defeat
the English enemy (allying of the Borgognoni that
to the end captured it). To the age of thirteen
Giovanna years she had begun to feel of the voices,
then recognized as those of know Gabriel, Michele,
Margherita and Caterina to you. When the news
that the city of Orléans was besieged from
English was reached Domremy, the small village
of the Lorena where it lived, Giovanna had felt
the usual voices to exhort it to go to remove
besieges, transforming itself in a condottiero.
Its military career was short, but to say little
sfolgorante: in a single year it brought back
numerous victories and it could assist to the
incoronazione of Carl WAYS to Reims. Then it had
been captured from the Borgognoni to the money
of English and sold for diecimila franchi, tried,
recognized like witch and condemned to being burnt
alive.
End here the official history; in truth that less
famous one does not seem to stop itself here.
Anatole France Writes: "Orbene, not even
a month after that Paris was returned to Carl,
in Lorena had appeared one sure pulzella. It had
venticinque years and its name was Claude. A day
had been introduced to resisting of Metz saying
of being Giovanna ". This happened in the
May of 1436, exactly five years after the atrocious
aim of Giovanna.
Before what that comes in mind is to imagine a
impostore that it is dealt for the true one pulzella;
but some important elements induce to think it
in various way. The two siblings young than Giovanna
d' Arco, Petit-Jean and Pierre, were under the
crews when it was happened the fact and they did
not have some doubt that the burned young person
alive to Rouen was the sister. Therefore, when
they had known that to Metz it was appeared one
young that said of being Giovanna and that it
asked to meet them, you were falls to you; between
the other Petit-Jean it was near, being prevosto
of Vaucouleurs. A report tells that the two boys
reached the village of La-Grange-aux-Ormes while
a torneo was being carried out. Between the many
knights, what it had given demonstration of being
most skillful, she was in truth that girl who
had made them to call and that she said of being
Giovanna. Sure of a deceit, the two had gotten
ready to defy it in duel. But when Petit-Jean
had asked who to them was, the millantatrice presumed
one had raised the visiera of the elmo and, shown
the face, it had granted they to recognize it:
she was just the Giovanna sister.
And in Giovanna effects it was accompanied from
many persons who already had known it in the formidable
year in which it was opposite to English. Between
this people there was Nicole Lowe, ciambellano
of the king. It was obvious that if had been be
a matter of a deceit it would have been absurd
to introduce itself in a place where all would
have recognized it. (Giovanni di Metz had been,
between the other, one of its more fervent estimative
ones). The day after the siblings they had taken
it with they and they were withdraws to you to
Vaucouleurs, where they had passed one week together.
The girl had been recognized with appeals to from
all those who single seven years before had seen
it to o from the maggiorente of the place Robert
de Baudricourt for chiedergli helping it to meet
the dolphin, the heir to the throne. Then small
city of Marville name had passed three weeks in
one, therefore it had completed a pilgrimage to
the Black Vergine of Notre Checkerses de Nozzles,
between Laon and Reims. Therefore host of Elisabetta
had gone to living, duchessa of Lussemburgo, to
Arlon. In the meantime the Petit-Jean brother
had made itself to receive from the king for annunciargli
that Giovanna was alive. The reaction of the monarch
not is famous, only knows that it gave order to
its treasurer to deliver to young person hundreds
franchi. A famous one in the registries of the
9 payments marks it that August 1436 the council
had authorized the payment of a courier that had
delivered to some letters sended from "Giovanna
the pulzella".
The memory of these events finds in the fundamental
text on the biography of Giovanna d' Arco from
the title it Process and riabilitazione of Giovanna
d' Arco, work in five volumes to company of Jules
Quicherat, published in 1841, where they are reproduced
documents originates them. In one asserts that
the 24 june the 1437 miraculous powers of Giovanna
were return to you. To the age, the girl had become
the protect one of conte the Ulrico di Wuttemberg,
than she had lead with himself Colony. Here Giovanna
was remained been involved in a violent one diatriba
burst between two presides avails again, one favorable
to understood it the other to the Pope. Ulrico
was schierato with a sure Udalrico and Giovanna
was of the same opinion. But the choice had not
been the best one. Concilio of Basel, in fact,
had recognized in Udalrico a usurpatore and the
reggenza of the diocese had been assigned from
the Pope to its adversary. To this point the general
inquisitore of Colony had intentional to be interested
with respect to the mysterious host of the conte
(does not forget that we are in full age of "witch
hunt") and strongly it had been be shockedded
in feeling to say that the girl was given over
to practical magical, than vergognava not to dance
with the men and that ate and drank liberations,
more than how much them was necessary. (the magic
accusation seems has been premanifactured, raccattando
and putting with pieces of tovaglietta and fragments
of a mirror that Giovanna a day had crushed hurling
it against a wall). The inquisitore had then convened
it near of he, but Giovanna had refused to introduce
itself. When it sendes to it to you were brings
to you from the duca in order to capture it, the
signorotto it had hidden it and then it had made
it to remove from the city. The inquisitore had
scomunicata it in contumacia. Returned to Arlon,
to the court of the duchessa of Lussemburgo, Giovanna
had known a gentiluomo, a sure Robert DES Armoires,
that it had decided to marry, sure between the
great disappointment of its follows to us. (It
was very famous in fact that the Giovanna of a
time had made castità ballot, swearing
solemn under a "magical tree" that found
itself in the pressed ones of its Domremy). Therefore
it had been moved to Metz, where Robert possessed
a house and in the successes to you three years
it had put to the world two sons. Two years after,
in the summer of 1439, "mrs. DES Armoires”
knows itself that; it had made visit to Orléans,
where the maggiorenti had received it with great
honors and in the course of the official banquet
210 livres had donated them in sign of gratefulness
for all that that it had made in defense of their
city the times of I besiege. Very singular what,
was be a matter of the same persons whom only
little time before they had paid pays to the local
church in order to celebrate put commemorative
in honor of the guerriera vergine. Evidently,
they had changed warning and they had accepted
the "new" Giovanna like authentication.
It is of fact that, combination, the celebration
of the puttinges stopped in 1439. But after two
weeks, being to a report of the time, Giovanna
it had left Orléans of great room in order
to carry itself to Tours, from where it had sended
one missiva to the king for through of a maggiorente
of Touraine, Guillaume Bellier, than ten years
before had accommodated the pulzella. Endured
after Giovanna it had gone to Poitou where it
seems took the commando of a called place Mans,
a donation probably assigned them from the king
who same it had strongly wished came incoronato.
Then the same monarch had assigned the commando
to a former commander of Giovanna, Gilles de Rais.
A singular personage. Sin from when it had fought
flank to flank with Giovanna under them walls
of Paris, Gilles had begun to be interested of
black magic - perhaps in the hope of being able
to riassestare of finances never very stable because
of its sperperi - and was sadly famous like trucidatore
sadist of children. In the successive year, 1440,
Gilles had been tried and condemned to being alive
hanged person and burnt. In the meantime - giving
for discounted that in the passage of deliveries
for the commando of Mans, Gilles has met mrs.
DES Armoires - it had senz' other data sign to
recognize in the "new" Giovanna, the
same woman with which had fought and that she
had served in crews. He had been same he to place
its men under the commando of the pulzella. Finally,
in the 1440 Giovanna he had gone to Paris from
the king. For before the time he had received
a opinion negative: the monarch for null was not
convinced and he had it stamped like a impostore.
An important declaration, above all if account
is kept that had been rilasciata after along talk.
Before but the king had it subordinate to the
same trick that already had put in action eleven
years before to the time of their encounter begins
them; he had put itself from part and to its place
on the throne it had made to seat one of its cortigiani
that had to pretend of being the king. But, of
new, as already it had succeeded before the time,
Giovanna had not fallen in the tranello and andatagli
sent encounter was knelt down recognizing endured
it. To that, the king had exclaimed: "Beloved
mine pulzella! You are of new the welcome in the
name of God ". Strange sound therefore that,
endured after, the same monarch indicated it like
a impostore, with all the consequences that derived
some. In fact, being to how much it reports the
"Newspaper of the Bourgeois of Paris",
the "new" Giovanna came arrested, tried
and exhibited in public like mistificatrice. Putting
to the gogna, came obliged to recognize in front
of the people of being a impostore. Its true history,
that one that the newspaper told, was this. In
the 1433 girl one had oed in pilgrimage to Rome
in order to obtain the forgiveness in order to
have percosso the mother. Dealing itself for a
man, it had been engaged like soldier in the papal
troops of the Holy Father Eugene. From probably
them the idea was been born here in head to deal
themselves for rediviva Giovanna. But this history
smells of burnt and he does not seem credible.
First of all when Giovanna was returned to Metz
had been recognized and accepted from all like
the true one pulzella. In a dated petition the
1443 Pierre brother refers she in explicit way
calling it "Giovanna, the pulzella, mine
sorella”, while the cousins, Enrico di Voulton
remembers that Pierre is Petit-Jean that that
the pulzella was usual during the festivity to
introduce itself to the relatives in the village
of Sermaise, very received from all. Fourteen
years after also it had made oneself alive Saumur
and also it had been officially received and received
here like the pulzella. After that it was passing
from the public life, simply because one had withdrawn
to living to Metz with the husband and the family.
That to make some us, therefore, of the second
history which the king would have sconfessata
it, obligating it to acknowledge public like a
impostore? First of all, the only source that
hands on this particular one is the "Newspaper
of the Bourgeois of Paris". The thing already
of for himself is strange, because it is not understood
like never if the fact provoked much clamour other
sources of it did not make mention. For more,
the "bourgeois" always had been contrary
to the acts of Giovanna and they had not made
null in order to avoid of the end. Anatole France
asserts instead that when the people of Paris
had learned the news of its return had been schierato
to favor of the pulzella, manifesting the great
rejoicing for its new income in the understood
one them. The academics but they were contrary
and had been between first sharing the witchcraft
accusations that had some year before carried
to rogo the first Giovanna. The death sentence
could revocata from an action of magnanimity of
the pontefice, but these had not moved a finger,
even if the People's Movement that of it demanded
the riabilitazione had been strongest. Therefore,
for magistrates, notables, presides and academics,
the unexpected return of the pulzella was an event,
says therefore, somewhat embarrassing. Of other
song, also for that fringe of presides and men
of Church that to the age had been struck in order
to save it (they succeeded to make it riabilitare
in 1452 and finally to canonizzare in 1922), also
esultando in stating that that one that had been
their heroin was safe and sound, in good health,
its return was not of the all appreciate one,
in how much hindered their campaign of patriotism.
And also the king, in declaring it a impostore,
had is found itself stritolato from goodness knows
how many political and religious pressures. If
it had recognized it, its placet would have been
definitive and official and all France would have
had to accept it. Too much rischioso. To the contrary,
to recognize it false would very soon have sedato
every controversy and all, from lì little,
it would have re-entered. After, the woman it
could have returned itself some to house and to
disappear from the public life, is worth to say
that that just it happened. Also Anatole France
is declared convinced that mrs. DES Armoires was
a impostore. However there is from observing that
its biography of Giovanna constantly is permeated
from the tones of its proverbiale irony and leaves
to mean that the disappointing girl other was
not that one, rozza countrywoman. Of other part,
the hypothesis that the "new" Giovanna
was a impostore is to the end the simpler solution
of the enigma, even if it leaves us in the presence
of a decisive question mark: how never, then,
people had recognized it and accepted like genuine?
How never mrs. DES Armoires had been considered
without hesitation sin from endured the true one
pulzella? If reporting to the siblings the return
of the glorious sister it could have favored them
and therefore, to the limit, they were same they
to support the eventual deceit, than to say of
the other relatives, knowing and the friends who
never did not have doubts on the identity of the
"new" Giovanna, recognized like the
heroin of the war against English? From that we
know, but, mrs. DES Armoires never did not explain
to nobody as she had succeeded to escape to the
dead women on the rogo, perhaps but she did not
know it at all. The only thing that it knew to
say was that all at once it had been replaced
from an other victim who was died in its vece,
perhaps an other "witch". To imagine
as the exchange can have happened is not not even
too much difficult. Robert di Baudricourt is known
that Giovanna possessed exceptional dowries of
convincement in the comparisons of the next one
and that tens of important personages, beginning
from in order to arrive until the dolphin of France,
knowing it and listening to they had made it in
a hurry to change opinion, rinunciando to believe
it a crazy visionaria in order to accept the idea
that truly received from the sky the voices that
of it inspired the word. We know that also in
the course of the Giovanna process it continued
to repeat to perceive the voice of Caterina saint
who advised that what to make to them and to say.
In the within of the process its supporters and
friends were present some, and its defender was
a priest of Loyseleur name. When Giovanna was
complained for the irriguardoso behavior of the
two guards who had it in delivery, the conte of
Warwick it had immediately made them to replace
with others two, making us to intuire in which
reverente care that most special prisoner was
held. Therefore, we would not have to astonish
to us if in order to save it a brilliant conspiracy
had been warp, in which, to say it all, it is
not from excluding participated also the same
accusatory English. When on the public square
of Rouen, it had been raised the pira burning
of the rogo, the crowd that was run to assist
to the execution was held to debita distance from
a cord of beyond ight hundred English squires,
what that could calmly have prevented to anyone
to recognize it. In the course of the process
for the riabilitazione tenutosi in 1456 nearly
all the testimonies were second hand, but those
of three commanders who had lend service to its
orders, sure Ladvenu, Massieu and Isambard, perhaps
just between the protagonists of its rescue in
extremis, if not quite the ideatori of the conspiracy.
The same procedure of riabilitazione came lead
in more formal way that substantial. It left in
1450 on initiative of the mother of Giovanna,
spalleggiata from the son Pierre, one of the siblings
young than Giovanna. It is not given to know if
the mother accepted mrs. DES Armoires like the
Giovanna authentication, but is obvious that also
it adapted itself to the general acceptance from
the moment that does not have news that has denounced
the thing like a false one. There is however to
emphasize that she is she that the son forwarded
the demand for riabilitazione for the Giovanna
that had been sent to the rogo and killed in 1431
in the public square of Rouen. Very to observe
but, the motive that them movements was not as
well as affective, how much more prosaicamente
economic one. While still alive Giovanna had become
a rich woman, sights the continuous regalie of
the king, but every its good had been frozen to
the action of the papal scomunica. And therefore,
than the family she believed or not, that mrs.
DES Armoires was the rediviva Giovanna little
imported; that that more it counted was to succeed
riabilitar it for being able to put hand on its
inheritance, even if this meant to admit that
she was dead woman. Concluding, we can observe
that if mrs. DES Armoires were truly returned
Giovanna d' Arco while still alive, the situation
is truly ironica. In the course of the first career
of veggente and guerriera, the vergine pulzella
had revealed one disturbing presence scomoda and;
hour that was returned was happened the same thing,
because its unexpected one ricomparsa on the scene
upset those new equilibriums that had gone to
shape themselves after its dead women. Like saying
that also to be it knows to you it is one beautiful
hard work. |
