THE POLTERGEIST The poltergeist, the spirit joker Poltergeist or ' ' the spirit joker "is one of the aspects more intriguers of the entire panorama of the paranormale world. The persons who do not believe the spirits are many, but those who scientemente rinnegano the possibility that the poltergeist it is a concrete phenomenon is least. Even if, obviously, their preferred theory consists in imagining that poltergeist the other is not that one of the many potentialities still inspiegate of our mind. If the poltergeist it is a ghost or a spirit, therefore like its same definition it implies, its main characteristic is that one of the deceit. In a case of poltergeist, the objects are looked at to fly in the air, the doors are opened wide and they are closed alone, water pools appear as of spell materialized from the null one. For more the not draft than rare phenomena. In this same moment, to single little kilometers of distance from you that you are reading, a case of poltergeist is being manifested. One of the more clamorous historical cases is that one cited in the work “Annales fuldenses” that us filler to the 858 d.C. Theatre of the facts one small farm near Bingen, on the Reno river. The report speaks about a "demonic spirit" who flake stones and ago to shake the walls like if there were men who the percuotono with of the hammerings. The stones that fly are one of the typical manifestations of the poltergeist. But the phenomenon contemplated also unexpected fires - than, strangely, they do not provoke never serious damages nearly - and in the fattispecie of the case in issue they had set afire the hardly collected sheaves. To times - although much more very rarely - they were perceived also of the voices, that they accused the man of its sins, like the adulterio and the fornicazione. Some clergymen, send to you from the bishop of Magonza, had executed a useless exorcism, because by now he is wide demonstrated that in order to make to stop this kind of events the exorcism is practical that not servants. He was only to begin from 1882, with the birth of the Society for the psychical search, than the phenomena of poltergeist they began to be studies with seriousness and continuity to you. Endured Sin from noticed to us every time that in which the poltergeist it appeared, in the house was present an adolescent, that it could have been the "triggering cause". And in an age in which the freudiane theories they depopulated, it was obvious that the more reasonable hypothesis was that one than a uncontrolled manifestation of the sexual energies of the unconscious one of the young person, even if nobody never had been in a position to explaining the true mechanisms of the phenomenon. In England one of the more famous cases is also one of first to have been perfectly documented: the ghost of the tamburino of Tedworth. The facts happened in the house of a magistrate of name John Mompesson, in March of 1661. All the house was disturbed every night from the deafening noise of a drum. The magistrate had made to arrest for nocturnal noises a wanderer, sure William Drury, that a drum went in turn for the roads playing. Mompesson had ordered the seizure of the drum, in spite of the opposition of Drury. The man was ended in jail the same one for counterfeit documents, but it was successful to scappare, without being able but to recover its drum. From that moment in ahead the disturbance in the house of the judge was begun. Beyond to this, the "spirit" blinked the doors, barked like a dog, squittiva and rasped like a rat, miagolava insistently like a cat. Other times screaied to high voice: "the witch! The witch!"; other anchor emptied the ash and the pita one them in the beds of the children. Sovente objects were looked at to fly in the rooms without causes ally by marriage. In the 1663 Drury it had been "pizzicato" in order to have stolen a pig and was returned in jail. Here, speaking with knowing that it had gone to fargli visit, one had let to scappare that how much of strange was happening in the house of the judge was cause its and that all would be continued until when the judge had not concurred of dissequestrare its drum. And therefore the mysterious phenomenon was stopped. An other famous case of poltergeist was taken place in the house of the reverend Samuel Wesley - grandfather of the founder of the metodismo - near its canonical one of Epworth, in the Lincolnshire. The "old Jeffrey", as the members the family had begun to call the spirit, had begun its performances the morning of 1° December 1716 with grugniti forts and - some night after - with violent blows to the door. The pushed one produced also noise of steps that walked in the corridor and the empty rooms. The "fire" of the poltergeist came sin from endured characterized in diciannovenne the Hetty Wesley, usually wide awake when the phenomena began. As usual, after some time, all it had been placato. Instead celeberrimo the case of the ghost of "Cock Wools" it ended with pover' a condemned innocent man to two years of prison. This time the "fire" of the situation was the ten-year-old Elizabeth Parsons, the daughter of an employee of name Richard Parsons. The Parsons family had in house two renters: a ristoratore in pension, William Kent, and its companion Fanny Lynes, whose Elizabeth sister had been the moglie of Mr. Kent. (It was for this reason that the two could not be married, from the moment that the law forbade to a vedovo to marry the sister of the moglie dead). A night in which Kent it was absent, mrs. Fanny had asked the ten-year-old child to hold them company and to sleep with she. But they had passed to all the night wide awake for the blows and the noises that were trigger to you in the room, coming from from the covering in wood of the walls. Then Fanny Lynes was died of vaiolo and Kent if n' it had gone. But the noises were are continued until that a clergyman of Moore name was taken part in order to put itself in contact with the "spirit", using a code for which a blow it was from agreeing like "" and two like "not". The entity had been revealed like that one of the Lynes, that it had accused the former companion to have assassinated little it to the time somministrandole of arsenic. For its misfortune, Parsons did not know that the poltergeist it loves to make jokes and to make fun of themselves of people. Come to know of the presumed colpevolezza of Mr. Kent, not if he were been strange some, held also account that that man it always had been cordial unpleasant. Without to attend to the fact that the blows were begin to you still of the dead women of the woman before, Parsons had not had hesitation to denounce Kent. In order to defend itself to Kent he had been sufficient to return to the house of Cock Wools and to put themselves in contact with the spirit. When these it had launch the accusation of being an assassin, Kent, without scomporsi, had attacked it gridandogli: "it is not true, because you six one menzognero spirit, you six one spirit bugiardo!". In short, the "ghost" had become famous. When but an investigation committee - between which the also dottor Johnson - had inquired, it had very preferred starsene zitto, convincing Johnson that swindle was be a matter of one. And then Kent had decided to pass to the counterattack and of sporgere complaint. The pursued subject was for obvious reasons Mr. Parsons, the father of the Elizabeth small. Decided to proceed to one new sitting, clearing to the child who if also that time the spirit had been zitto, papà and mother if they would be seen it ugly and they would be ended in jail. Obviously, in that communication something had come outside. But the domestic servants, spying secretly, had had way to see that the used blows in order to communicate were provoke to you from Elizabeth with l’uso of one small baton of wood. All it had been denounced like swindle. To the process, Parsons had been condemned to two years and the exposure for three times to the sedan. The moglie to a year, and a woman who in some occasions had communicated with the spirit, had taken six months. In adding, to the Parsons also had been comminata a fine of 588 pounds, a figure nothing at all indifferent for the times. When but Parsons had been exposed to the sedan, people had shown it sympathy and solidarity, much to underwrite one colletta in order to help it: a truly inusuale gesture, in a impietosa age in which the popolino a world to maltrattare who amused itself was to the gogna succeeding in to times also to kill. Ill-fatedly, after the process, we do not arrange more than news on several the protagonists of the history; but one what is sure: the Parsons family endured one deep ingiustizia. Many witnesses who had assisted to the communication sitting, allegated in fact that it would have been literally impossible for the Elizabeth small to counterfeit the blows in the walls. One of the cases Americans of poltergeist more famous is that one taken place in one small farm of the Tennessee of property of a sure John Bell. Also what it became the case of the “strega of Bell” he is decidedly inusuale, since - practically only case in the history of the phenomenon - the things stopped with the dead women of the victim. Mr. Bell had nine sons. Betsy, a child of twelve years, was the "triggering fire". It disturbs were begins to you in 1817 with some “trattamenti” in the occasional walls and blows. Then invisibili hands tore blankets from the beds and rantoli and strange backs were felt that would have been said to come from the throat of a man. In the air stones flew and the furnitures were moved alone. Sovente the "spirit" schiaffeggiava Betsy, whose cheeks blushed after the blows; to times it was felt to tear hats. After approximately a infestazione year, the poltergeist it had developed one voice, one strange rantolio asthmatic. (the voices that are manifested in these phenomena are many similar ones to that human, like if the entity wants to impossessarsi of the voice of a disowned medium). The observations were always little likeable, like, as an example: "sopporto smells it of a black person". When the phenomenon placava, the Betsy small fell exausted: ulterior test that was just she the center of the phenomenon. John Bell had begun to endure violent onslaught, the jaw became stiff and the language swelled, while the poltergeist had developed a normal voice, that it said to belong to an Indiana Old Kate Batts. (Even if it was usual to use of many various voices). He said that from which moment Bell would have perseguitato until death, as in truth she happened. The shoes of the man flew in the air and they went it to hit to the face and the fright procurava the violent convulsions. All it had gone ahead until a day of 1820 when the poveretto it had been found in preda to a deep astonishment. The "witch" revealed to have somministrato to “vecchio the Jack” a dose of medicinal that it would have been lethal. When Bell died indeed in order, the spirit had manifested its great satisfaction provoking makes a din and dins. Approximately a year after, while the family of Bell was to table, into the cane of the fireplace had slipped a strange object, similar to a gun ball, that she was ended in the live coal with a strong blow. In the same moment the voice of the witch had been felt who had screaied: "Eccomi, is returned and me I will not go any that between seven years". A "expert" of poltergeist, Nandor Fodor, a incestuoso action from part of the Betsy daughter explains the sad fate of Mr. Bell assuming. For Fodor the poltergeist it is like a "fragment of the personality" of the subject that for some reason not still known distacca and is acted in full autonomy. Obviously, tests do not exist that this explanation is valid. An other case American of great importance is that one happened in 1850 in the house of the reverend Eliakim Phelps. The phenomenon began with the furniture movement and with the apparition of simulacri extremely it lives to us, than they were realized in a moment between the dresses crams to you in the closets and the trunks. Then the poltergeist it had entered in the phase of the launch of stones, with the consequent breach of sessantuno glass panels. The paper took fire alone and every kind of object was crushed alone hurled to earth or against the walls from invisibili hands. Dodicenne Harry came sovente spintonato and raised in once even hung air and to the branch of a tree. Anna, the sister sedicenne, came regularly pizzicata and taken schiaffi. When father and sons left the house in order to pass the winter in Pennsylvania the phenomena stopped. It was from an incredible series of collegabili phenomena to the poltergeist that taken to the first movements one of the most extraordinary madnesses of XIX the century, to we famous today with the spiritismo name. The phenomenon, to the beginning was manifested in house of the Fox family, in the state of New York, 1848. The triggering center of the manifestations was two Margaret sisters, of fifteen years, and Kate, of twelve. A house neighbor that had been put to interrogate the "spirit" (with the usual system of the blows, one for and the two for not) came to know to be a matter itself of a pedlar who had been assassinated just in that house. (Some time after, in the wine cellar of the house was found again human boneses and one characteristic valigetta, typical, for the note, of a pedlar). The great publicity given to this case literally made to burst in America the fashion, the mania of the spiritismo. Seated round to a table, in the buio complete, the hands joined in an energy chain, the "spirits", ready interrogated themselves to answer to every question with the technical usual of the blows. To the end of the contacts, the "spirit" had announced the Fox sisters whom they give lì little would be been born one new was for the spiritica communication. In fact, the spiritismo is not only diffused to oil spot in the United States, but also in all Europe. In first years Fifty of the 1800's, French teaching began to be interested to the medianici contacts. A day, while the two daughters of a friend were practicing, in trance, in the automatic writing, it had tried to interrogate the "spirit", receiving of illuminant answers. The experiments were therefore continue to you. Collections all these testimonies, he had given to the press one publication from the title it “Libro of the spiriti” published under a pseudonym that would have become soon famous: Allan Kardec. In short, the text divenne the Bible of the spiritisti. The movement grew to excess, even if with inner contrasts, from the moment that some personalities did not share the convictions on the reincarnation proposed from the founder. In 1860 to Paris, in Rue DES Noyers, some typical phenomena of poltergeist began to manifest themselves, which banging of doors and movements of furnitures. Kardec had not been made to pray, and was taken part endured. In the course of the communications, the "spirit", than said a dead man by now from much time, revealed that all that force drew it from the "vital electric power" of a girl who was to the service in the house. The girl, obviously, was to the dark one of all and for null she was not scared between those who dwelled in the house. He declared that he had participated to the sitting spiritiche only for curiosity and divertimento. Kardec convinced that the poltergeist it was an obvious and violent manifestation of "spirits lawyers to the earth", is worth to say, persons deads that for several reasons they were incapable to progress beyond to the plan of the materialità. One of the cases more famous Americans of XIX the century, is that one remembered in the book “The Great Amherst Mystery” from Walter Hubbell a wizard professional oed in 1869 near the Teed family in Nova Scotia, in order to investigate on a case of infestazione from poltergeist concentrated around the figure of one girl diciottenne, sure Eshter Cox. He disturbs were already for a year begins, when the boy of Eshter, Bob MacNeal, had forced it, under the threat of one gun to you, to go with he in a small wood with the obvious intention of violentarla. Uncovered, the boy was scappato and never more it had not made oneself alive. After this unpleasant fact, Eshter and the Jane sister they had begun to feel in the walls of their bedroom noises similar to grattare of rats, and once one scato it of cardboard had been raised in air alone. Two evenings after, the body of Eshter had swollen of blow like a football, in order to return to normality with the simple one cracks of the fingers. The blankets came jetties for all the room. The pillow of the girl swelled like one ball. To the presence more witnesses appeared the written one: "Eshter, by now you six mine and I will kill to you". The girl, terrorizzata, spoke about "scariche electrical workers" who covered them the body to the unexpected one. When the phenomenon touched the apex, small fires were taken place also, the objects flew for the rooms, the furnitures were moved alone and Eshler was transformed in able human magnet rising to attract, with its great danger, metallic objects of every kind, comprised contundenti tools and knives. To the end, Hubbell was successful to put itself in contact with the "spirit", which it had revealed its authenticity "reading" medianicamente the number of series of the clock that it carried to the wrist and the number of a banknote that the wizard had in one pocket. To continuation of the fire of a granary, Eshter had been thought guilty and condemned to four months of prison, passed which, once made return to house, the infestatoria fenomenologia was completely stopped. The Society for the psychical search came founded in 1882, to the aim to investigate in scientific way the so-called the "psychical phenomena". One of its pregevole more illustrious members, Frank Podmore, author of one work in two volumes on the history of the spiritismo, was convinced that, in the greater part, the cases of poltergeist other were not that of the hoaxes, where the stones were launch from dispettosi children, even if were inclined to admit that celebre the case of Durweston, in the property of Viscount Portman, was nearly sure authentic. Podmore held a long correspondence with Andrew Lang, than it excessive skepticism reproached one. It seems that the controversy came "won" from Lang. In the 1890 famous criminologo Cesar Lombroso it studied a happened case of poltergeist in a tavern of Turin. Before the time that Lombroso had put foot in the store, some wine bottles, moving themselves alone, had fallen to earth. To the beginning, the student had concentrated its esplicativa hypothesis on the moglie of the vintner, but also in its absence the phenomena did not stop. Then the attention had been moved on a inserviente of thirteen years. Removed the boy from the store all finally had placato itself. Insomma, sin from the first searches, is clearly turns out it to the students who a infestatore phenomenon is associated nearly always to the presence of some particular person, in kind an adolescent with a psychological problem and of development. But it has been only with the end of years Forty that for the phenomenon has been begun to speak about the hypothesis of the "unconscious mind". In 1945, Nandor Fodor, on the pages of the review "Journal of Clinical Psychopathology", introduces its theory on the "fragmented personality". The year after, to West End, the teatrale work of Frank entitled Harvey Poltergeist collects a large one happening. The weft is based on a really happened fact to Pitmilly House, where a fire provoked from a infestazione phenomenon had been object of a strong compensation. In Harvey truth to transfer the scene in the vicariato one of Dartmoor. This job diffuses on wide scale the hypothesis of the "unconscious mind", proposal in organic way for before the time in the 1930 from dottor the Alfred Winterstein, in the argument of the case of the medium Austrian Frieda Weisl. According to husband of the woman, it told that when hardly was married every time that made the love the dressed ones hung to the door dresses if they flew some via alone. Contessa the Zoe Wassilko-Serecki was reached the same conclusion studying to bottom the case of a medium of Rumanian origin, sure Eleanore Zugun, tormented continuously from poltergeist that it never did not leave it in peace with pizzicotti and schiaffi, but also bites, that they appeared to the unexpected one on its body still bathes you of salted. With ending of the years the Forty, theory of the "unconscious mind" universal was accepted from all those convinced students that the mysterious phenomenon of the poltergeist is not one farce, neither one swindle. This hypothesis very is synthetized in a book of journalist Brian Branston, when it emphasizes: “Sono convinced that, on the evidence of the facts, it can calmly be accepted like profitable hypothesis of job, the idea that the phenomena of the poltergeist come provokes and produced to you from a subject unconsciously whose psiche are disturbed. This alteration, this lack of equilibrium, acts on the more ancient part and deep of our brain, which for a series of causes not still notes to science, triggers all those phenomena that we today, in general sense, we call poltergeist. And these events nearly seem to scream, to ask aid, for being discoveries in the profondità”. However the theory of Branston seems not to resist in front of an other case from cited same he in the understood one begins them them of its book, a happened episode to Northfleet, in the Kent. Draft of a case in which the various owners who were themselves succeduti in the house they were is scared to you to such point that, to the end, was remained deserted. The first owners, the Maxten, had of the small children and in they presence the usual phenomena of infestazione had begun to manifest themselves: noise like of rats that grattavano the walls, schizzavano sheet and covered that via from the beds, objects that disappeared in order to appear in other places of the house and therefore via. But a day mrs. Maxten had seen the ghost of a child of six years to go around itself in the rooms and had been too much: the Maxten family had moved itself of great career. The owners succeeded to you did not have sons, but the phenomena were recommence to you: strange noises in the bedrooms, smell unpleasant and so on. Disagreeable but, all adding, tolerable things. A morning but had taken place a disturbing fact: on the extremity of rivoltato and a half raised mattress for air, color was seated the ghost small rose-orange of one woman without head. And therefore also they if they had gone some. The house was remained deserted. Nevertheless also in those conditions of total abandonment, the neighbors had continued to perceive noises and bangings, than to times they manifested themselves in violent way therefore to make to shake also the walls of their house. Here, therefore, a case in which the poltergeist it was not only continued in presence of various subjects, but quite in absence of persons, when the house was remained empty. A similar case is happened in the city of Pontefract, the Yorkshire, the house of the Pritchard family. The furnitures muovevano alone, the objects and the ornaments flew in the air, from the taps exited of the foam verdastra, the house were jolt from violent blows like thunders. To times a ghost appeared, one dressed species of "monaco" of black. The infestazione had had beginning when largest of the sons, Phillip, it had completed fifteen years, and it had been protratta for some day. When the smaller sister, Gives some, had in its turn completed fourteen years, the manifestations were resumed, but this time with greater violence. (Even if during the first "outbreak" the girl was not present in the house because in vacation). The poltergeist he was formidable: practically every object that could be broken off went in fragments. It gives some, more resumptions, had been scaraventata down from the invested bed and from the furnitures that seemed to hurl themselves against of she. Once a crocifisso it had been detached from the procurandole wall and it had hit it to the back a large haematoma. To the end, as already it was happened before the time, all it was stopped. It gives some same had become account that the phenomenon succeeded to manifest itself using its energy and also had intuito that, just for this, it could not never have made them seriously of the evil. Cases of the sort, obviously, suggest that the poltergeist it is not a manifestation that depends on the unconscious mind of a young person in unbalanced psychical conditions, but - as supports Kardec - from a "spirit", an entity that continues, goodness knows because, to maintain itself tied to a data place and succeeds to only manifest itself in the real world taking to loan of the energy in living excess a human being, not necessarily an adolescent. This is the same conclusion which it is reached the threshold of the years the Sixty investigator Guy Lyon Playfair, student of hidden phenomena, after some experiences lived in Brasi them. This country, like England and France, was remained faithful to the franker Spiritismo, that one teorizzato from Kardec, to the point that its more important works “libro of the spinti” and “libro of the medium” they were becomes to you the sacred books of the new spiritualista religion. After to have had way to carefully study some cases of poltergeist indicatigli from the Brazilian Institute for the psicobiofisiche searches, Playfair had not been able to make less than to convince itself that the force that is behind a infestatore phenomenon is set in action from the "spirits", which, to the orders of stregoni and fattucchiere, can go to annoy the persons whom they want to perseguitare. A case regarded a name girl Maria, which continuously was assaulted from a poltergeist that the throat tightened them and set afire them the dresses. A medium interrogated in purpose, said that Maria in its previous life had been a witch malvagia and that hour was paying all the evil that it had made. Deprived of hope, poor Maria had killed to single thirteen years. In its books “Gli influences of the cosmos on the life terrestre” and “The Indefinite Boundary”, Playfair introduces a review never convincing how much to support of the hypothesis that the poltergeist depends on the action of the "spirits". In 1977, this same author and its Large Maurice collaborator, member of the Society for the psychical search, are themselves imbattuti in a case of poltergeist to north of London. The facts are tell to you with dovizia of particular in a become book classic: The Home is Haunted. In Harper house there were four children, respective of thirteen, eleven, ten and seven years. Since the parents were uniforms, the familiar situation under the psychological profile were somewhat stiff. The infestatori phenomena were begin to you with the movement of furnitures and strong jolt of the beds. A day, the same Playfair had legacy a chair with a rope, but the energy had been therefore fort to blow up all. A medium that had visited the house had perceived the presence of many characterized entities and in Jane, the child of eleven years, the so-called "fire" of the phenomenon. After several tried to you, the two investigators were finally resolutions to enter in contact with the "spirit" through the usual mechanism of the blows. He be a matter himself of a previous inhabitant that had occupied the house trent’anni before, dead hour. The communications had become written messages and to the end the poltergeist strange voice had been manifested with one and roca, that one of a sure Joe Watson. An other time, the entity had been introduced like Bill Haylock, buried in close cemetary of Durant Park. When he came to it asked if he knew of being dead man, the "spirit" was usual to answer: "Fottiti". Executed the due searches, Bill Haylock then had been identified in a getlteman of the place, defunct from some time. From last, in 1978, a Dutch medium, Gmelig-Meyling Gift, had asked for being able to pass alone a little time in the house and, thanks to its participation, the phenomenon was completely stopped. The man told sdoppiato on the astral plan and to have met one woman of ventiquattro years, been involved in the case. The daughter of Maurice Large, a girl of the same age of Janet name, was died in 1976 because of an incident in motion. For Playfair the cause was just Janet before the infestazione, in its deprived of hope attempt to attract the attention of the father. According to he, he had been the "spirit" of the poor young person to prime all processes that had lead to that situation: the telephone call of a neighbor of the Harper to the "Daily Mirror", the article appeared on the newspaper and the consequent interest of the mass medium and the Society for the psychical search. (Kardec asserts that our mind comes much influenced from the "spirits" more than how much we can imagine). However not sussistevano doubts on the fact that the energy of the poltergeist was put to disposition from the psiche still unstable of Janet Harper. (To a sure moment, the phenomenon had become therefore fort to make to comment to Playfair that close cemetary from lì to a po' literally it would have been emptied!). But the second theory which these facts come triggers to you from the action of "spirits", continues not to find confirmations in the scientific world, that it prefers, without doubt, the more canonical hypothesis decidedly previewed from Fodor. That in spite of, some cases testify the contrary. Like, as an example, that one of the tamburino of Tedworth, where it seems the magic to make from landlady, and very we know like from always wizards, witches and fattucchiere they support to operate through the participation of the "spirits". Goodness knows, in any case, one what seems sure: the hypothesis of Podmore that all is a false one, a gross trick, does not resist in front of strabilianti contrary evidences. The skeptics, then, add that the paranormali phenomena do not deserve attention since are intermittent and sporadic. That, unfortunately, it is not at all true, from the moment that the casuistry can by now count on migliaia of cases wide he documents to you and on an enormous number of events that are manifested with regolarità, to the point to concur with the students to approach them with always greater attention and cognition of cause. For this our opinion cannot that to be one only: it is impossible that anyone comes near to the world of the poltergeist with healthy mind and free does not recognize in full intellectual honesty as this kind of things is absolutely extraordinary, is worth to say one truth for inconoscibile hour, than every challenge answer of science.